eng Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 16440722 2026-03-30 25 1 article Adebayo Samson Adeoye 1 Isaac Oyekunle Oyewo 2 Oluwole Olalekan Oke 1 Adepeju Rebecca Falana 3 Adekunle Sarafadeen Adetunji 1 Agricultural Extension and Management Department of The Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan Agricultural Business Management Department of The Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan Forestry and Environmental Technology Department of The Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan Rural communities, especially those reliant on agriculture and forest resources, encounter significant threats from climate change. The study explores the impact of eco-friendly agroforestry practices on climate change vulnerability among rural dwellers in Osho Forest Reserve. Using a multistage sampling technique, 100 respondents were selected, and data collected through questionnaires and interviews were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that about 58.0% of respondents had a family size of less than or equal to 5 persons, and 38% were between the age range of 31 to 40 years. Also, result showed that about 50.0% of respondents own land through inheritance while 38.0% of respondents have an annual income above ₦600,000 ($413.35). In addition, findings revealed that most respondents were aware of eco-friendly agroforestry practices such as alley cropping, windbreak, live fence and hedge rows. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of eco-friendly agroforestry practices in mitigating climate change vulnerability. Soil conservation recorded the highest mean score (m = 2.18), ranking first, followed by carbon sequestration (m = 1.98) in second place, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (m = 1.83) in third. Chi-square analysis indicated that most respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics; sex (p = 0.250), age (p = 0.877), and marital status (p = 0.555) were not significantly associated with the effectiveness of eco-friendly agroforestry practices. However, annual income (p = 0.020) exhibited a statistically significant relationship at p < 0.05. Further analysis using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation revealed a statistically significant but weak positive relationship between socioeconomic characteristics and the effectiveness of eco-friendly agroforestry practices in addressing climate change vulnerability (r = 0.277; p = 0.005). This approach highlights the potential of eco-friendly agroforestry to mitigate climate change and sustain rural livelihoods, recommending scaled-up support through climate-resilient practices, capacity building, community engagement, and forest restoration initiatives. https://www.forestry.actapol.net/volume25/issue1/1_1_2026.pdf Adaptation Agroforestry Extreme weather Rural communities Livelihoods Forest reserve eng Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 16440722 2026-03-30 25 1 article Isaac Oyekunle OYEWO 1 Adebayo Samson ADEOYE 2 Abiodun Adewale OGUNDANA 1 Department of Agribusiness Management Federal College of Forestry Ibadan, Nigeria Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of Forestry Ibadan, Nigeria Kola nut production plays a vital role in Nigeria’s agricultural economy, serving as both a source of income for rural farmers and a significant export commodity. Despite its importance, production faces challenges arising from socio-economic factors and climate variability. The study examined the socio-economic determinants of kola nut production in Odigbo Local Government Area, Ondo State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 90 respondents, and data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for analysis. The results showed that males constituted 65.5% of respondents, with a mean age of 57.7 years; 44.5% had engaged in kola nut production for 16–20 years. About 54.4% had access to credit, while 94.4% had access to farmland an average of 7.7 acres. The majority (86.7%) reported that climate change had reduced profitability, while 66.7% linked it to increased pest and disease incidence. Regression analysis revealed that age (β = –2.185, p < 0.01), farming experience (β = 9.248, p < 0.01), household size (β = –16.552, p < 0.01), farm size (β = 13.822, p < 0.01), labor (β = 0.003, p < 0.01), and selling price (β = 0.001, p < 0.05) significantly influenced production. The study concludes that kola nut production remains a viable agribusiness but is constrained by socio-economic and climatic factors, recommending government and stakeholder interventions through climate education, financial literacy, and irrigation adoption to enhance productivity. Moreover, policy measures focusing on farmers employing climate-smart agricultural practices are recommended. https://www.forestry.actapol.net/volume25/issue1/2_1_2026.pdf kola nut production socio-economic determinants farm size labor irrigation systems Nigeria