eng Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 16440722 2017-03-30 16 1 5 16 article Marek Wajdzik 1 Katarzyna Szyjka 1 Jacek Skubis 2 Paweł Nasiadka 3 Zakład Bioróżnorodności Leśnej, Instytut Ekologii i Hodowli Lasu, Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie Katedra Łowiectwa i Ochrony Lasu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu Samodzielny Zakład Zoologii Leśnej i Łowiectwa, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie The aim of the study was to present the occurrence, abundance and size of the hunting in the Forest Pro- motional Complexes “Niepołomice Forest” in 1996–2016. Analysis of the existence and hunting of animals were based on annual hunting plans from eight hunting districts lying in PFC “Niepołomice Forest”. Among the 31 species of game animals found in Poland in the PFC the presence of 27 species including 15 mammals (18 game) and 12 (of 13) birds was noted. Among the big game (7 species) only just sika deer and mouflon were not inventoried. The most abundant species was the roe deer whose numbers in the spring depending on the year ranged from 330 (1997) to more than 680 individuals (2009). In turn the number of wild boars and red deer (compared to the number of roe deer) were in OHZ several times lower (on average 3 times) and showed an annual average (the average of the period 1996 to 2015) of the presence in the forest of about 188 red deer and 175 wild boars. Following the increase in the number of animals in PFC over the last few seasons the number of hunted animals has increased. On average, over the past five seasons 135 roe deer per year and in the case of red deer from 142 to 195 individuals were hunted a year. The number of hunted wild boars varied from 192 to 315 individuals. https://www.forestry.actapol.net/volume16/issue1/1_1_2017.pdf Niepołomice Forest game management forest promotional complex game animals eng Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 16440722 2017-03-30 16 1 17 28 article Bartosz Czernik 1 Tomasz Maliński 1 Dorota Wrońska-Pilarek 1 Sebastian Rymszewicz 1 Katedra Botaniki Leśnej, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu In this paper we compared the results of the inventory of the dendroflora of the Dendrological Garden in Lip- no, from 2012 and 2015 with the data from the two earlier inventories from 1952 and 1977. Currently, 112 taxa of woody plants belonging to 65 genera and 33 families grow in the garden. Most of them are trees (59.8%). Alien species and varieties of woody plants dominate (67.9%) over the native taxa (32.1%). In this object four monumental trees are found. The most valuable woody plants are Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus virginiana, Thuja plicata, Liriodendron tulipifera, Liquidambar styraciflua and Cercidiphyllum japonicum. In 60 year time 53 taxa recorded during the earlier inventories became extinct. The collection of this valuable arboretum, founded in 1782, needs to be supplemented and enriched with woody plants species selected on the basis of their collectible value. https://www.forestry.actapol.net/volume16/issue1/2_1_2017.pdf dendroflora Dendrological Garden in Lipno dendrological inventory eng Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 16440722 2017-03-30 16 1 29 37 article Anna Kożuch 1 Dorota Rutana 2 Krzysztof Adamowicz 3 Izabela Dymitryszyn 4 Instytut Zarządzania Zasobami Leśnymi, Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie al. Listopada , - Kraków Regionalna Dyrekcja Lasów Państwowych w Krośnie Katedra Ekonomiki Leśnictwa, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu Samodzielna Pracownia Oceny i Wyceny Zasobów Przyrodniczych, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie Forestry participates in the process of non-productive functions of forest, also referred to as positive exter- nalities. The function of conservation reduces the production function, that is why it is important to estimate the loss of profit incurred by farm forestry in this area. The aim of the study was to estimate the opportunity cost in the Dukla Forest District, in connection with the implemented function of nature protection in 2014. The value of lost revenue was set, resulting from the operation of the following forms of nature conservation in the forest area: year-round protection zones around nests of protected birds, nature reserves and natural monuments. The opportunity total annual cost of the conservation was estimated at 161 607.79 PLN. The obtained result corresponds to the value of timber not harvested in the existing nature conservation areas. https://www.forestry.actapol.net/volume16/issue1/3_1_2017.pdf forestry lost profits reduced revenues forms of nature protection eng Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 16440722 2017-03-30 16 1 39 46 article Katarzyna Kaźmierczak 1 Katedra Urządzania Lasu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu Background. The paper presents the relationships between relative and absolute length of the crowns of trees in Kraft biosocial classes, in the investigated 56-year-old oak stand, taking into account the length of the sun- drenched and shaded parts. Material and methods. The measuring material was collected on the 0.46 ha plot of an oak stand in the Zielonka Experimental Forest District. In accordance with the criteria of Kraft classes the biosocial position was established for each tree. For standing trees the diameter at breast height was measured in the tree bark in the two directions of the N–S and E–W with an accuracy of 0.1 cm, as a result of this measurements   the arithmetic mean was assumed as the diameter at breast height (d1.3). The tree height (h), height of base of live crown to the first living branch as the basis of the compact crown were measured. Moreover, the height of the widest diameter at breast height which separates the sun-drenched and shaded parts of tree was  established. The crown length lk of trees growing in the stand was calculated as the difference between the tree height and the height of the base of live a crown, while the length of sun-drenched crown lks as the difference between the tree height and the height of the widest diameter of the crown. The length of the shaded tree crown lkc was calculated as the difference between the height of the widest diameter of the crown and the height of hebase of a live crown. The relative length of the crown lk/h was calculated as the quotient of the length of the tree crown with reference to the tree height, while the share of sun-drenched and shaded parts of crowns with reference to the crown length. Results. It was concluded that the mean absolute and relative length of the crowns had a downward trend with decreasing biosocial position of trees. Similarly, the length of the sun-drenched and shaded crown was a decreasing with the a decrease of Kraft classes. In contrast, relations between the relative share of sun- drenched and shaded parts of oak crowns were formed in a different manner. The biosocial position of trees did not affect the share of these parts in the crown. The ratio of the length of the sun-drenched to the shaded part of crown in the crown length was 4 to 6. https://www.forestry.actapol.net/volume16/issue1/4_1_2017.pdf crown of a tree length of a sun-drenched crown length of a shaded crown eng Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 16440722 2017-03-30 16 1 47 52 article Robert Kamieniarz 1 Marek Panek 2 Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland Polish Hunting Association, Research Station, Poland The distribution of raccoon dogs in Poland was analysed on the basis of annual bag reports collected from most of about 5000 hunting districts existing in the country. In 1992/93 – before the fox vaccination against rabies, raccoon dogs were rarely hunted, mainly in the north-eastern region of the country. In the hunting season 2002/03 the spread of this species in Poland was found, particularly in western regions of the country. In 2015/16 the raccoon dog was being shot in majority of hunting districts in Poland (60%) but only rarely in the central part of the country and in the Carpathians. The expansion of the species at the turn of the 21st century was most probably driven by a lower mortality rate resulting from a reduced risk of rabies and adapta- tion to new habitat types. https://www.forestry.actapol.net/volume16/issue1/5_1_2017.pdf raccoon dog distribution oral vaccination rabies eng Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 16440722 2017-03-30 16 1 53 58 article Ludwik Żołnierz 1 Bronisław Wojtuń 2 Katedra Botaniki i Ekologii Roślin, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu Katedra Ekologii, Biogeochemii i Ochrony Środowisk, Uniwersytet Wrocławski The administration of the Karkonosze National Park possesses the documentation of the the Karkonosze Mts. plant communities’ survey which was conducted at the turn of 1950s and 1960s. The authors conducted similar studies in the 90s within the higher mountain forest belt as well as in some plant communities of the sub- and alpine belt of the Karkonosze Mts. Currently, these studies have been resumed in order to cover retrospective analysis of vegetation changes in the following 20 years. In this paper we present some prelimi- nary results of the survey carried out in the Empetro-Vaccinietum community. About 40% of historical plots were precisely located in the patches of that community. Comparative analysis of the data on the parameters of the species diversity based on all plots surveyed in 1959–1960 and in 2015 gave almost identical results as those obtained from the set of data restricted only to the plots precisely located. In comparison with histori- cal data, current vegetation showed a significant decrease in the number of species per plot and the values of Shannon-Wiener index, but the evenness index has not changed. https://www.forestry.actapol.net/volume16/issue1/6_1_2017.pdf vegetation transformation high mountain communities retrospective survey eng Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 16440722 2017-03-30 16 1 59 69 article Roman Jaszczak 1 Krzysztof Adamowicz 2 Cezary Beker 1 Piotr Gołojuch 1 Grzegorz Rączka 1 Damian Sugiero 1 Sandra Wajchman-Świtalska 1 Mieczysław Turski 1 Katedra Urządzania Lasu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu Katedra Ekonomiki Leśnictwa, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu The aim of the study was to investigate changes in area and share of age classes, dominating tree species, forest site types that occurred in the course of fifty-one years within the area of the Zielonka Experimental Forest District and their connection with possible factors. The analysis of the observed changes was carried out with regard to their possible relations with the forest management and historical events in the area of the Forest District, described in succeeding forest management plans. It was found that the following events had the most significant impact on age, species and site structure of the forests within the Zielonka Experimental Forest District: grounds repossession; forestation of post-agricultural grounds (1963–1984); management system and type of cutting method, regeneration and introduced species; results of soil and forest sites analy- sis; conducting scientific research; biotic factors – occurring during certain periods; increasing surface of areas under the legal protection. https://www.forestry.actapol.net/volume16/issue1/7_1_2017.pdf age classes dominating tree species forest site types area share